Show that the angle bisectors of angles A, B, C of triangle ABC are the altitudes of triangle DEF.

by Jdinh98   Last Updated May 15, 2018 20:20 PM

Triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle $C(O, r )$. The angle bisectors of A, B, and C intersect the circle in D, E, and F respectively. Show that the angle bisectors of angles A, B, C of $triangle ABC$ are the altitudes of triangle $DEF$.

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All triangles drawn from a chord will have the same angle where they touch the circumference.

For instance triangles $\triangle AEF$ and $\triangle ACF$ make the angle $\gamma$ at points $E$ and $C$, respectively. For the same reason $\angle EAC = \angle EBC = \beta$.

In $\triangle ABC$, the sum of all angles must be $180^{\circ}$. Thus $2(\alpha+\beta+\gamma)=180^{\circ}$ implying $\alpha+\beta+\gamma=90^{\circ}$. Now if you look at the right triangle $\triangle EGA$, $\angle EGA=180^{\circ}-(\alpha+\beta+\gamma)=90^{\circ}$. Thus, $DG \perp EF$.

Similarly, if the intersection points of lines $ED$ and $CF$ are named $M$ and that of $EB$ and $DF$ are named $N$, the result can be proved for the other two bisecting lines by considering the traingles $\triangle EMC$ and $\triangle BDN$.

Abhilash U N
May 15, 2018 20:46 PM

In $\triangle DGF$, angles subtended by a common chord in a circle are equal, you will get $\angle DFC=\alpha$ and $\angle CFE=\beta$ and summing them $\angle F=\alpha +\beta$.
Now $\angle ADF=\gamma$ for same reason.
$\Rightarrow$ $180^\circ - (\angle GDF+\angle DFG)=\angle DGF$
$\Rightarrow$ $180^\circ -(\alpha +\beta +\gamma)=\angle DGF=90^\circ$
Similarly all angle bisectors will be perpendiculars for $\triangle DEF$

Love Invariants
May 15, 2018 20:48 PM

Using the Angle of Intersecting Chords Theorem

Using the Inscribed Angle Theorem, $\overset{\large\frown}{AF}=2\gamma$ and $\overset{\large\frown}{AE}=2\beta$; therefore, $\overset{\large\frown}{EF}=2\beta+2\gamma$. Furthermore, $\overset{\large\frown}{DB}=2\alpha$. Since they are the angles of $\triangle ABC$, $2\alpha+2\beta+2\gamma=\pi$. Therefore, using the Angle of Intersecting Chords Theorem, we get that the angle between $\overline{FD}$ and $\overline{EB}$ is \begin{align} \frac12\left(\overset{\large\frown}{EF}+\overset{\large\frown}{DB}\right) &=\frac12\left(2\beta+2\gamma+2\alpha\right)\\[6pt] &=\frac\pi2 \end{align} The other intersections are similar.

Proof of the Angle of Intersecting Chords Theorem

Using the Inscribed Angle Theorem, $\overset{\large\frown}{AB}=2\angle ACB$ and $\overset{\large\frown}{CD}=2\angle CAD$. The Exterior Angle Theorem then says that $\angle AOB=\angle ACB+\angle CAD$.

Therefore, we get the Angle of Intersecting Chords Theorem: $$2\angle AOB=\overset{\large\frown}{AB}+\overset{\large\frown}{CD}$$

robjohn
May 15, 2018 21:12 PM

Let $I$ be the incenter of $ABC$. It is well know'n that $D$ is a center of circle through $BCI$. The same is valid for $E$ and circle $ACI$. So $CI$ is radical line for circles $BCI$ and $ACI$ so $CI$ is perpendicular to line between their centers i.e. $DE$.

Maria Mazur
May 15, 2018 21:31 PM

$$2 \alpha + 2 \beta + 2 \gamma = 2 \pi \rightarrow \alpha + \beta + \gamma = \pi$$ Consider $\Delta EAG \,$

$$\angle HGA + \alpha + \beta + \gamma = 2 \pi \rightarrow\, \angle HGA = \pi$$

$$\angle \, bisector \, AGD \, is \perp^{r} to \, line \,EGF...$$

So also for altitudes $EF,BE$ making unlabeled point of congruence incenter of $\Delta ABC$ the same as orthocenter of $\Delta DEF$.

Narasimham
May 15, 2018 22:16 PM

Curvature the same in G2 continuity

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